Persian (Farsi) has always been used as a language for philosophy. Written resources from the pre-Islamic period are not many. Later, in many parts of the Islamic world, like other intellectual activities, philosophy flourished, but authors of different religions including Jewish, Christians and Muslims of Turkish, Arab, Persian and many more ethnicities utilized Arabic as a common language for their scientific and philosophical research and correspondence, like English is used today in the academic world.
So, many natively Persian speaking philosophers like Farabi (872–950), Avicenna (Ibn-Sina) (980–1037), Ghazali (1055–1111), Suhrawardi (1154–1191), Razi (1149–1209), Rumi (1207–1273), Tusi (1201–1274), Shirazi (1236–1311) and many more used to write their original works in Arabic, but maintained a small number of works in Persian. While the concept of “Arabic Philosophy” maybe a correct description of these works relating them to the language they are written in, the occasionally used concept of “Arab Philosophers” is thus a bit misleading. As time passed, more and more original texts appeared in Persian such as the works of Mulla Sadra (1572–1641), Feyz Kashani (1598–1680) and many more to follow, who wrote their main works in Persian.
The Sadra tradition continues down to the 21st century and the field of philosophy is as active as never before. Meanwhile hundreds of research papers appear each year in original Persian.
Here is an incomplete list of active academic journals that publish current philosophical research in Persian (Farsi) language. The body of their texts are in Persian while most of the article information (title, authors, keywords, abstract and references) are also available in English:
Journals on philosophy:
- Philosophical Meditations
- Wisdom and Philosophy
- Journal of Philosophical Investigations
- The Iranian Journal of Philosophy
Journals on history of philosophy:
Journals on philosophy of arts:
- Kimiya-ye-Honar: The Quarterly Periodical of The Advanced Research Institute of the Arts
Journals on philosophy of science:
Journals on philosophy of religion:
Modern Persian contains a lot of loan words from the Arabic language and philosophy is not an exception. So while reading philosophy in Persian, it is always worth it to check the excellent Online Dictionary of Arabic Philosophical Terms by Lammer and Kretz, specially if you are dealing with older texts, because even in original Persian works, many philosophers made and still make an ample use of Arabic loan words in their texts. It goes without saying that the amazing project Arabic Almanac is one of the best dictionaries for serious philosophical research out there.
Since I have been studying philosophy mainly in English and German, while reading a couple of articles from the journals mentioned above, I realized that some of the expressions used in current Persian philosophical research papers are quite new to me, as some, due to the dynamic nature of Persian language are quite novel in their structure and do not resemble any other expression one might be familiar with like the Arabic loan words. For me it was almost like a fun language game (pun intended) to find Persian equivalents to those expressions I encounter in my daily research in English and German texts. So I decided to make a small dictionary here as a reference in case it might be helpful for others as well. I will keep the list updated.
| English | فارسی |
|---|---|
| a priori |
پیشین |
| absolutism |
مطلق‌انگاری |
| abstract |
چکیده |
| active intellect |
عقل فعال |
| advantage |
مزیت |
| advocator |
مدافع |
| agency |
فاعلیت |
| analysis |
تحلیل |
| analytic metaphysics |
متافیزیک تحلیلی |
| ancient |
باستان |
| antagonism |
تضاد |
| antecedent |
مقدم |
| apparent |
صوری |
| approach |
رهیافت |
| approach |
رویکرد |
| article |
مقاله |
| assume |
متبادر کردن |
| assumption |
فرضیّۀ |
| attitude |
نگرش |
| audience |
مخاطب |
| autonomy |
خودآیینی )خودمختاری( |
| axioms |
اصول |
| badness |
قبح |
| bare reason |
عقل تنها |
| based on |
مبتنی بر |
| basis |
شالوده |
| bearer of truth |
حامل صدق |
| being |
وجود |
| being a statement |
قضیه‌بودن |
| being-in-itself |
درخودبودن |
| bounds |
محدوده |
| brain in a vat scenario |
ماجرای مغز در خمره |
| by adopting this view |
با این نگاه است که |
| categorical |
مقوله‌ای |
| categorical imperative |
امر مطلق |
| causal |
علّی |
| certainty |
یقین |
| character |
خصیصه |
| citation |
ارجاع‌دهی |
| civilized |
متمدن شده |
| clear, clean |
منقح |
| co-referent |
هم‌مرجع |
| coauthor |
نویسنده همکار |
| cognition |
شناخت |
| cognitive science |
علوم‌شناختی |
| commensurable |
قابل قیاس |
| commentator |
شارح |
| common |
مشترک |
| community |
اجتماع |
| comparative philosophy |
فلسفه تطبیقی |
| component |
مولفه |
| concept |
مفهوم |
| conceptual |
مفهومی |
| conceptual relativity |
نسبیت مفهومی |
| conceptualise |
مفهومسازی |
| concern |
دغدغه |
| conclusion |
نتیجه |
| condensation |
تکاثف |
| consequent |
تالی |
| constructivism |
ساخت‌گرایی |
| contemporary |
معاصر |
| context |
زمینه |
| context |
ورطه |
| contingency |
امکان |
| contractualist |
قرارداد گرایانه |
| contrasting |
متضاد |
| coordination |
هماهنگی |
| corporeal form |
هیولی |
| correlated |
متضایف |
| correspondence |
مطابقت |
| corresponding author |
نویسنده مسئول |
| cosmopolitanism |
جهان وطنی |
| criterion |
معیار |
| criticism |
نقد |
| cultivated |
فرهنگی شده |
| cynicism |
کلبیّه |
| de dicto |
جهت جمله‌ای، جهت گزاره، لفظ‌نگر |
| de re |
جهت شیئی، مصداق‌نگر |
| dehumanization |
زدودن چهرۀ انسانی |
| demonstratives |
اسم اشاره |
| denying |
انکار |
| deontological Ethics |
اخلاق تکلیف‌گرایانه |
| desire |
میل |
| determinism |
تعین‌گرایی |
| dialog |
گفتگو |
| dignity |
شرف |
| disposition |
ویژگی تمایلی |
| dispositional |
تمایلی |
| distension |
تخلخل |
| doctrine |
آموزه |
| domain |
دامنه |
| dualism |
دوگانه‌انگاری دوگانه‌گرایی |
| duty |
تکلیف |
| dynamism |
پویایی |
| early |
متقدم |
| effective |
موثر |
| ego |
من |
| |
رايانامە |
| emanation |
افاضة (صدور ماخوذ) |
| embodiment |
تجسد |
| emergentism |
نوخاسته‌گرایی |
| emotions |
عواطف |
| empiricism |
تجربه‌باوری |
| empty |
تهی |
| end notes |
پینوشت |
| enthusiasm of matter in the form |
شوق هیولی به صورت |
| epistemology |
معرفت‌شناسی |
| epistemology |
معرفت‌شناسی |
| essence |
جوهر |
| essence |
ذات |
| essentialism |
ذات گرائی |
| ethics |
اخلاق |
| event |
رخداد |
| evidence |
بداهت |
| exclusivism |
انحصارگرایی |
| existence |
هستی |
| expansion |
گسترش |
| explain |
تببین |
| explain |
تقریر |
| explanation |
ایضاح |
| explanation |
تبیین |
| explicitly |
تصریحاً |
| externalism |
برون‌گرایی |
| false. |
صادق |
| fantacies |
رویاها |
| fiction |
مجعول |
| fictional |
تخیلی |
| firm |
استوار |
| flow |
سریان |
| Foreknowledge |
علم پیشین |
| formalism |
صورت‌گرایی |
| four dimensionalism |
چهاربعدگرایی |
| four elements |
عناصر اربعه |
| frame |
چهارچوب |
| Frankfurt School |
مکتب فرانکفورت |
| free will |
ارادۀ آزاد |
| fulfillment |
تحقق |
| function |
تابع |
| generality |
کلیت |
| genuine |
حقیقی |
| gnosticism |
غُنوصیه |
| goal |
غایت |
| good will |
اراده خیر |
| goodness |
حسن |
| help |
مدد |
| heteronomy |
دگر آیینی |
| holds that |
معتقد است |
| holiness |
قداست |
| idealist philosophy |
فلسفۀ ایده آلیستی |
| identity |
این‌همانی |
| illeity |
اوبودگی |
| illuminationist philosophy |
حکمت اشراق |
| imagination |
تخیل |
| immanent |
درونماندگار |
| imperative |
امر (بایسته) |
| implicitly |
تقدیراً |
| impossible |
محال |
| in itself / for itself |
در خود/ برای خود |
| inadequate |
ناکافی |
| incarnation |
تجسد |
| inclusion |
شمول |
| inclusivism |
شمول‌گرایی |
| incompatible |
ناسازگار |
| inconsistency |
ناسازگاری |
| indexical |
نمایه‌ای |
| indirect argument |
برهان غیرمستقیم |
| inexistent |
معدومی |
| inherent |
ذاتی |
| inquiry / analysis |
واکاوی |
| institution |
نظام |
| intellect |
عقل |
| intelligence |
هوش |
| intention |
التفات |
| intentionality |
قصدیت |
| interactive |
تعاملی |
| intersubjective |
بین الاذهانی |
| intersubjective community |
اشتراک بینالاذهانی |
| intuitive |
شهودی |
| kingdom of ends |
مملکت غایات |
| knowledge by correspondence |
علم حصولی |
| knowledge by presence |
علم حضوری |
| known-by-itself |
معلومِ بالذات |
| known-by-something-else |
معلومِ بالعرض |
| law |
قانون |
| lawfulness |
قانونمندی |
| lecture |
درس‌گفتار |
| liar paradox |
پارادوکس دروغگو |
| Light of lights |
نورالانوار |
| link |
پیوند |
| lived experience |
تجربۀ زیستۀ |
| logical positivists |
اثبات‌گرایان منطقی |
| logician |
منطق‌دان |
| longitudinal intelligences |
عقول طولیه |
| main |
عمده |
| main pillars |
ارکان اصلی |
| materials |
مادیات |
| matter |
ماده |
| maxim |
آیین رفتاری (دستورالعمل) |
| mechanism |
ساز وکار |
| medial motion |
حرکت توسطیه |
| mere intention |
التفات خالص |
| metaphor |
استعاره |
| metaphysics |
مابعدالطبیعۀ |
| methodology |
روش‌شناسی |
| milestone |
نقطۀ عطفی |
| modal logic |
منطق موجهات |
| modal property |
صفت موجه |
| modality |
جهت |
| modern |
جدید |
| moral |
اخلاقی |
| moral responsibility |
مسئولیّت اخلاقی |
| moral values |
ارزش های اخلاقی |
| movement |
نهضت |
| multiplicities |
کثرات |
| mutual |
دوسویه |
| mutual |
متقابل |
| narrative |
روایت |
| necessary presence of art |
حضور ضروری هنر |
| necessity |
ضرورت |
| necessity |
ضرورت |
| negativity |
منفیت |
| neglecting |
غفلت |
| non-materials |
مجردات |
| non-reducibility |
تقلیل ناپذیری |
| normativity |
هنجارمندی |
| objectivism |
عینیت‌گرایی |
| objectivity |
عینیت |
| ontology |
هستی‌شناسی |
| ontology |
وجودشناسی |
| origin-ness |
مبدئیت |
| original sin |
گناه نخستین |
| other-consciousness |
دیگرآگاهیِ |
| outlook |
چشم‌انداز |
| paper |
نوشتار |
| pattern |
الگو |
| perception |
ادراک حسی |
| perceptions |
ادراکات |
| perfection |
استکمال |
| perfectionist |
کمال‌طلب |
| performer |
کنش‌گر |
| peripatetic |
مشائیون |
| persistence |
بقا |
| perspective |
زاویه دید |
| phenomenology |
پدیدارشناسی |
| phenomenon |
پدیدۀ |
| philosophy of culture |
فلسفۀ فرهنگ |
| pluralism |
کثرت گرایی |
| point of view |
منظر |
| popular article |
مقاله ترویجی |
| positivism |
اثبات‌گرایی |
| possibility |
امکان |
| pragmatic |
کاربردشناختی |
| predicate |
محمول |
| predication |
حکم |
| preference logic |
منطق ترجیح |
| presence (Anwesenheit) |
حضور |
| present challenge |
چالش پیش رو |
| primary |
اولیه |
| problem |
معضل |
| profound |
ژرف |
| proposition |
گزاره |
| proposition |
گزاره |
| propositional |
گزاره‌ای |
| propositional function |
تابع گزاره‌ای |
| provoke |
برانگیختن |
| psychoanalytic |
روانکاوانه |
| quantifier |
سور |
| radical evil |
شرّ بنیادین |
| reading |
تقریرهای |
| reading |
خوانش |
| realistic |
واقع‌گرایانه |
| reality |
عینیت |
| reference |
ارجاع |
| references |
منابع |
| reflexiveness |
اوصاف انعکاس |
| refutation |
رد |
| regularity |
نظم |
| reinterpretation |
بازتفسیر |
| reinterpretation |
بازتفسیر |
| relationship |
ارتباط |
| relativism |
نسبی‌گرایی |
| relativized |
نسبی‌شده |
| release |
رهش یا رهایی |
| research article |
مقاله پژوهشی |
| research on |
پژوهشی در باب |
| revelation |
وحی |
| review article |
مقاله مروری |
| revolutionary |
انقلابی |
| ritual |
مناسک |
| scepticism |
شک گرایی |
| scope |
دامنه |
| self |
نفس |
| self legislation |
خودقانونگذاری |
| self-consciousness |
خودآگاهی |
| self-refering |
خودارجاع |
| self-sufficiency |
خودبسندگی |
| semantic |
معنایی |
| semanticist |
معنی‌شناس |
| semiotics |
نشانه‌شناسی |
| sense |
معنا |
| separation |
تفکیک |
| shortcomings |
کاستیها |
| signification |
دلالت |
| specialization |
تخصصگرایی |
| sphere |
سپهر |
| spontaniety |
خودانگیختگی |
| stage theory |
نظریه مرحلهای |
| statutory laws |
قوانین موضوعه |
| stoics |
رواقیان |
| subject |
فاعل |
| sublunary |
تحت‌القمر |
| submission |
تسلیم |
| substantial motion |
حرکت جوهری |
| substatial |
جوهری |
| supervenience |
فرارویدادگی |
| support |
مؤیّد |
| symmetry |
تقارن |
| syntactical |
نحوی |
| synthetic |
تألیفی |
| template |
قالب |
| temporal instantiation |
اتصاف زمانی |
| term |
اصطلاح |
| theories |
استدلال‌ها |
| thinking subject |
فاعل شناسای اندیشنده |
| third person |
سوم‌شخص |
| timeless |
غیرزمانمند |
| traditionalism |
سنت‌گرایی |
| transcendence |
تعالی |
| transcendental |
استعلایی |
| transitivity |
تعدی |
| traversal motion |
حرکت قطعیه |
| true. |
کاذب |
| truth |
صدق |
| twosome |
دوگانه ای |
| unconsiousness |
ناخودآگاه |
| universal |
کلیت |
| universal republic |
جمهوری کلّی |
| universality |
فراگیر بودن |
| universe |
کائنات |
| unrecognizability |
احرازناپذیری |
| utilitarian |
سودگرایانه |
| value |
ارزش |
| variable |
متغیر |
| virtue |
فضیلت |
| well disposed |
خوش سرشت |
| wisdom |
حکمت |
| worldview |
جهان‌بینی |
